Resumo Pouco se sabe se a morte celular induzida pela terapia fotodinâmica (PDT) compromete os macrófagos (MΦ), envolvidos nas respostas imunes induzidas pela PDT. Neste estudo, foram avaliados parâmetros de citotoxicidade dos MΦ mediada pela PDT e a produção de citocinas, frente à protoporfirina IX (PpIX). MΦ peritoneais de camundongos BALB/c foram estimulados in vitro com PDT, luz, PpIX ou lipopolissacarídeo (LPS). Após isto, a viabilidade celular (VC), a lipoperoxidação, os níveis de óxido nítrico (NO), de DNA degradado, de TNF-α, IL-6 e IL-10 foram avaliados. A exposição curta à PDT reduziu a VC em 10-30%. Os níveis de NO e de DNA degradado duplicaram, sem aumento da lipoperoxidação. Houve aumento de TNF-α e IL-10, sendo maior na presença de LPS. Já a produção de IL-6 reduziu em dez vezes. A PDT induz estresse celular, gera radicais NO e causa dano ao DNA, tornando o microambiente citotóxico. Ainda, modula citocinas pró e anti-inflamatórias em MΦ.

Abstract Little is known regarding whether photodynamic therapy (PDT)-induced cell death can substantially compromise macrophages (MΦ), which are important cells in PDT-induced immune responses. Here, parameters of PDT-mediated MΦ cytotoxicity and cytokine production in response to protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) were evaluated. Peritoneal MΦ from BALB/c mice were stimulated in vitro with PDT, light, PpIX, or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). After that, cell viability, lipid peroxidation, Nitric Oxide (NO), DNA damage, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 were evaluated. Short PDT exposure reduced cell viability by 10–30%. There was a two-fold increase in NO and DNA degradation, despite the non-increase in lipoperoxidation. PDT increased TNF-α and IL-10, particularly in the presence of LPS, and decreased the production of IL-6 to 10-fold. PDT causes cellular stress, induces NO radicals and leads to DNA degradation, generating a cytotoxic microenvironment. Furthermore, PDT modulates pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in MΦ.

ABSTRACT Water contamination by monoaromatic compounds has risen throughout time, which leads to the necessity of developing new water treatment technology, capable of minimizing their negative effect on the environment. In this context, biological processes present themselves as a solution to the processes of extraction. Bioremediation makes use of microbial groups capable of using hydrocarbons as a source of carbon to perform their metabolic functions. This work evaluated the biodegradation efficiency of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain isolated from contaminated matrices, for the substrates benzene, ethylbenzene and toluene, aiming to determine to which compound the bacteria had better adaptation. For that, bioremediation assays were performed for each of the monoaromatic compounds, in an isolated way, with the goal of obtaining experimental data and from this Monod and Andrews kinetic models were discretized and numerically developed through the Runge-Kutta method. It was possible to observe that Pseudomonas aeruginosa has a bigger affinity for ethylbenzene, while benzene generated a bigger microbian coefficient. Monod´s model was capable of predicting satisfactorily the experimental data.

Resumo A pressão lateral do concreto fresco gera uma carga que possui grande influência no dimensionamento das fôrmas de pilares, paredes e faces laterais das vigas. Sua previsão deve ser realizada de modo que se aproxime bem dos valores suportados pelas fôrmas, evitando-se, assim, o superdimensionamento ou subdimensionamento dessas estruturas provisórias que representam até 12% do custo total da obra. O cálculo da pressão lateral que o concreto fresco exerce sobre as fôrmas envolve diversas variáveis, sendo uma delas a velocidade de concretagem. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a influência da velocidade de concretagem sobre a pressão lateral do concreto fresco calculada a partir de modelos teóricos apresentados por normas e referências internacionais. Para isso, foram realizadas medições da velocidade de concretagem em pilares de cinco obras de Goiânia e calculadas as pressões máximas suportadas por suas respectivas fôrmas, a partir das dimensões e dos vãos entre os apoios dos elementos que as constituíam. Os resultados obtidos apontam que as velocidades de concretagem em campo chegam a 248,57 m/h, superando os valores limitados pelos métodos teóricos de cálculo, e que as estimativas da pressão realizadas a partir das velocidades medidas in loco ultrapassam os valores máximos suportados pelas fôrmas em até 603,75 vezes. Assim, concluiu-se que é necessária a formulação de equações para estimar a pressão lateral do concreto fresco a altas velocidades de concretagem, conforme as atuais práticas no mercado da construção civil.

Abstract The fresh concrete lateral pressure generates a load that has great influence in the design of the formworks of columns, walls and lateral faces of the beams.Its prediction must be performed in such a way in order to approach precisely well over the rate values supported by the formworks, avoiding, therefore, the oversizing or undersizing of these temporary structures which represent up to 12% of the total cost of the construction. The calculation of the lateral pressure that fresh concrete exerts on the formworks involves several variables; one of them is the placement rate. The main objective of this work was to study the influence of the placement rate, in situ, on the lateral pressure of fresh concrete calculated from theoretical models presented by norms and international references. For this purpose, measurements of the placement rate were conducted on columns of five building work places at Goiânia city, Goiás, Brazil and it was calculated the maximum pressure supported by their respective formworks from the dimensions and spans between the supports of the components that constituted them. The obtained results indicate that the placement rate in the field observations reach 249 m/h, exceeding the values limited by the theoretical methods of calculation, and that the lateral pressure estimation produced from the placement rate measured in situ exceed the maximum values supported by the formworks up to 604 times. Thus, it was concluded that it is necessary to adjust equations to estimate the lateral pressure of fresh concrete at high rate of concrete placement, according to the current practices in the construction market.

Devido à grande gama de aplicações e efeitos do modelo de vórtices abelianos de Nielsen e Olesen nas mais diversas áreas da física, que vai desde a matéria condensada até efeitos astrofísicos, faz-se necessário alguma obra na literatura que aborde este tema de forma simples e sucinta para que o estudante de graduação tanto em física, como de áreas afins, tenha a possibilidade de conhecer e compreender os mecanismos associados a este modelo de vórtices que o indicam como um forte candidato à fonte para os defeitos topológicos tipo corda cósmica propostos por Vilenkin. Levando em consideração que este tema fica concentrado apenas majoritariamente nas pós-graduações em física, não sendo tão acessível a estudantes de graduação, desenvolvemos este trabalho fazendo uma pequena revisão sistemática no âmbito dos vórtices abelianos e como tais objetos influenciam o espaço-tempo a sua volta quando aplicados à Relatividade Geral.

Due to the wide range of applications and effects of the Abelian vortex model of Nielsen and Olesen in the areas of physics, ranging from condensed matter to astrophysical effects, some work in the literature is necessary to approach this topic in a simple and succinct way that the undergraduate student in both physics and related areas has the possibility to know and understand the mechanisms associated with this vortex model that indicate him as a strong candidate for the source for the topological defects proposed by Vilenkin. Taking into account that this subject is concentrated only in postgraduate studies in physics, and is not so accessible to undergraduate students, we have developed this work by making a small systematic review in the scope of abelian vortices and how these objects influence space-time their when applied to General Relativity.

A stévia [Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni] é uma cultura em expansão em todo o mundo devido à sua crescente utilização na indústria alimentar. Este trabalho foi iniciado com os objetivos de avaliar a adaptação da stévia às condições ecológicas do interior norte de Portugal, a resposta da planta à aplicação de diferentes doses de azoto, fósforo e potássio, bem como dois regimes de corte: simples e duplo. Os ensaios de campo decorreram em Bragança (na Terra Fria Transmontana) e no vale da Vilariça (na Terra Quente Transmontana). Foi avaliada a sobrevivência das plantas ao inverno, a produção de matéria seca, a composição elementar dos tecidos e determinados diversos índices de vegetação. Os resultados revelaram que as plantas não sobreviveram ao inverno, apresentando mortalidade superior a 95%, significando que a stévia só poderá ser cultivada como se de uma cultura anual se tratasse, com instalação de novos campos todos os anos. A produção de matéria seca aumentou significativamente com a adubação azotada. Na modalidade mais produtiva (100 kg N/ha) atingiram-se valores de matéria seca de folhas e total de 1560 e 4961 kg/ha, respetivamente. A concentração de azoto nas folhas não variou significativamente com a dose de azoto aplicada, apesar dos aumentos registados na produção de matéria seca, o que deixa antever dificuldades na monitorização do estado nutricional azotado das plantas em campo e no estabelecimento de programas de fertilização para a cultura.

Stevia [Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni] is a crop expanding worldwide due to the increasing use in the food industry. The aims of this work were to check the adaptation of Stevia to the ecological conditions of the northeast of Portugal and to assess the response of the plant to the application of different rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium as fertilizers and two different cutting regimes, once and twice during the growing season. The field trials were carried out in Bragança and Vilariça valley, both located in NE Portugal but in very different ecological situations, respectively in one of colder and warmer places in the region. It was assessed the winter survival of stevia plants, as well as dry matter yield, tissue elemental concentration and several vegetation indices. The results revealed that the plants did not survive the winter, with mortality exceeding 95%, meaning that Stevia can only be grown as an annual crop, which requires the installation of the new fields every year. The dry matter yield significantly increased with nitrogen rate. In the most productive treatment (100 kg N/ha), 1560 kg/ha of dry leaves and 4961 kg/ha of total aboveground dry matter (leaves + stems) were reached. Leaf nitrogen concentration did not significantly varied with nitrogen rate, despite the increase observed in dry matter production, which may mean that difficulties can arise in monitoring the nitrogen nutritional status of plants in the field and in the establishment of adequate fertilization programs for this crop.

Resumo A escassez das águas, no mundo inteiro, praticamente, tem duas fontes: a qualidade e a quantidade disponibilizada para as populações. Na área de abrangência do presente estudo, nos municípios selecionados das bacias hidrográficas do Paranapanema 3 e 4 e o Pirapó, a disponibilidade é sempre maior que a demanda e os problemas ambientais estão ligados mais à qualidade do que a quantidade de águas. Para verificação dos aspectos socioeconômicos e das práticas cotidianas que envolvem os recursos hídricos e os problemas ambientais selecionou-se uma amostra significativa de famílias dos 10 municípios estudados. Como algumas conclusões tem-se que existem municípios-chaves focos de poluição, ou seja, os municípios não contribuem de maneira igual para a poluição dos rios de suas regiões e alguns se destacam nas atividades econômicas e incorretas práticas culturais herdadas. Contudo, os impactos ambientais nem sempre são relacionados, pelos entrevistados, com as suas atividades rotineiras e produtivas. Com isso, por um lado, verifica-se que o novo ambiente legal impõe novas práticas, contudo, por outro lado, ainda persistem as heranças culturais herdadas que, o que exige intervenções públicas mais contundentes e contínuas.

Scarcity of water in the world, virtually, has two sources: the quality and the quantity made available for populations. In the area covered by this study, the selected municipalities from the river basins 3 e 4 of the Paranapanema River and from the basin of the Pirapó River, availability is always greater than the demand and the environmental problems are more often linked to the quality than to the quantity of water. To check the socioeconomic aspects and the daily practices involving water resources and environmental problems we selected a representative sample of families from 10 studied municipalities. The main conclusions point to the existence of key municipalities, regarded as foci of pollution, i. e., the municipalities do not contribute in equal measure to the pollution of rivers from their regions and some stand out in economic activities and inherited cultural practices. However, respondents did not always relate the environmental impacts with their routine and productive activities. Thus, although the new legal environment imposes new practices, there are still cultural heritages, which require more incisive and continuous public interventions.

RESUMOO objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar possíveis efeitos do extrato das vargens de bordão-de-velho (Samanea tubulosa benth) sobre a reprodução em ratas Wistar. O extrato foi preparado a partir da secagem e trituração das vagens, seguida por maceração com etanol e, posteriormente, concentrado em rotavapor. Ratas Wistar gestantes foram tratadas com 75 mg.100 g-1 de peso corporal de extrato de S. tubulosa e o grupo controle recebeu 1ml/100 g-1 de peso corporal de solução salina por gavagem durante 19 dias. Após eutanásia no 20º dia, as seguintes variáveis foram analisadas: peso corporal fetal, peso dos fetos e placentas, número de corpos lúteos e de reabsorções, implantação, fetos vivos e mortos. O extrato de vagens de S. tubulosa apresenta toxicidade para o feto causando malformações, reabsorções fetais e diminuição pronunciada do peso ao nascer. Contudo, o extrato de vagens de S. tubulosanão influencia no número de corpos lúteos e número de implantações.

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to evaluate possible effects of pods from bordão-de-velho (Samanea tubulosa benth) extract on the reproduction of female rats.The extract was prepared by maceration wtith ethanol of dried and crushed pods, then it was concentrated in rotary evaporator. The pregnant Wistar rats were treated with a dose of 75 mg.100 g-1of body weight of Samanea tubulosa extract, by gavage , whereas the control group received 1ml.100g-1of saline by the same route for 19 days. After the euthanasia of the animals at day 20th,the following variables were analyzed: fetal body weight, weight of fetuses and placentas, number of corpora lutea, resorption points, live and dead fetuses and number of embryonic implantations. The extract from S. tubulosa pods, at the dose studied, showed toxicity causing fetal abnormalities, fetal resorption and pronounced decrease in the weight of offspring at birth. On the other hand, , the treatment with extract of S.tubulosa pods had no influence over corpora lutea and implantation numbers.

AbstractIn the operation of bioreactors, the fluid movement promotes mixing between sludge and substrate. The dynamics of this system are complex, and the interaction between the phases is difficult to evaluate accurately. In this work, Computational Fluid Dynamics is applied to simulate a pilot-scale anaerobic sequencing batch reactor, using a three-dimensional, transient and multiphase modeling. Several correlations were applied to estimate the interfacial forces. Results indicate that the use of different coefficients for the drag and lift forces strongly affects the predicted turbulent kinetic energy, and thus the mixture estimation in the bioreactor. The use of the drag as the only interfacial force provided an average turbulent kinetic energy close to the value found using a more complete model. However, the absence of lift and virtual mass forces had a significant impact on the resulting turbulence distribution.

This paper discusses the effect of different internal recirculation velocities on the mixture and shear stress on the flocs in an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR). Thus, simulations are performed using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tool to evaluate this dependency. The analysis of velocities and turbulent kinetic energy indicates that the highest flow evaluated (0.003 m³/s) results in better mixing within the reactor. However, care must be taken with the recycling pipe size, in order to maintain the shear stress inside the range of optimal values.

In this study, the phase behaviour of emulsified systems (oil + biosurfactant + water) was analyzed. The biosurfactant was produced in a 4-L batch bioreactor by Bacillus subtilis LAMI005, using residual glycerine from biodiesel production as a carbon source. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analyses demonstrated that the biosurfactant produced by Bacillus subtilis (LAMI005) consists of a lipopeptide similar to surfactin. The influences of temperature and the composition of oil + biosurfactant + water were determined by using phase diagrams. Three types of oil were used, namely: motor oil, hydrogenated naphthenic oil (NH140) and castor bean oil. The emulsified systems were analyzed using optical micrography. The results presented here indicated that the biosurfactant produced in this work presents a potential use as stabilizing agent for oil-in-water emulsions.

Objetivo: avaliar o ajustamento conjugal e a morbidade psicológica em pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 e seus parceiros, estudando o papel do gênero. Métodos: estudo transversal que incluiu uma amostra de 214 diabéticos e os respectivos parceiros, foram avaliados no nível da morbidade (HADS) e de ajustamento conjugal (RDAS). Os dados foram analisados por meio de um procedimento estatístico de análise diádica, que estuda simultaneamente os pares paciente/parceiro(a). Resultados: verificou-se que a relação negativa entre ajustamento conjugal e morbidade psicológica nas mulheres diabéticas era mais forte que nos homens diabéticos e suas parceiras. Por sua vez, a relação entre ajustamento conjugal e morbidade psicológica nas parceiras de homens diabéticos foi mais forte que a mesma relação nos parceiros de mulheres diabéticas. Conclusão: dado o gênero ser uma variável moderadora, é importante atender às necessidades específicas dos doentes femininos e masculinos e a educação do paciente diabético deve centrar-se na díada paciente/parceiro.

Objective: this study assessed dyadic adjustment and psychological morbidity in type 2 diabetic patients and their partners, focusing on the role of gender. Methods: 214 diabetic patients and their partners participated in the cross-sectional study and were assessed on psychological morbidity (HADS) and marital adjustment (RDAS). Data was analyzed using dyadic analysis, a statistical process that studies the patient/partner dyads simultaneously. Results: results revealed that the negative relationship between dyadic adjustment and psychological morbidity in female patients was stronger than in male diabetic patients or in partners of male diabetic patients. On the other hand, the relationship between dyadic adjustment and psychological morbidity in partners of diabetic men was stronger than the same relationship in partners of diabetic women. Conclusion: since gender is a moderator, it is important to attend to the different needs of female and male patients and the education of diabetic patients should be centered on the patient/partner dyad.

Este trabalho visa investigar os possíveis mecanismos moleculares de ação dos polifenóis de uvas e vinho tinto contra os processos oxidativos e inflamatórios envolvidos na aterosclerose. Trata-se de um estudo de revisão de literatura realizado por meio de buscas nas bases de dados PubMed e ScienceDirect utilizando os seguintes descritores: vinho tinto, uva, polifenóis, resveratrol, aterosclerose, LDL-oxidada, inflamação, estresse oxidativo, NF-kB, AP-1, Nrf2, SIRT-1, MicroRNA. Embora tais mecanismos ainda não estejam totalmente esclarecidos, os estudos indicam que compostos fenólicos presentes em uvas podem se complexar com metais (como ferro e cobre) que provocam peroxidação dos lipídios, aumentam a atividade antioxidante do plasma, associam-se com a LDL-c aumentando sua resistência à oxidação, preservam a atividade da enzima paraoxonase, neutralizam radicais livres, e ativam fatores de transcrição como o Nrf2, que aumenta a expressão de genes que codificam proteínas importantes na defesa antioxidante, como a superóxido dismutase e a glutationa peroxidase. Além disso, os polifenóis inibem a fosforilação de MAP quinases, inibindo assim os fatores de transcrição NF-kB e AP-1 e, consequentemente, reduzindo a síntese do TNF-á, interleucinas, moléculas de adesão e quimiocinas. Também inibem a atividade das enzimas cicloxigenase e lipoxigenase. Outro mecanismo proposto é a ação do resveratrol sobre a atividade de deacetilases de histonas, como a SITR-1. Estas ações em conjunto reduzem a oxidação da LDL-c e o processo inflamatório, atenuando o processo aterogênico.

This study aimed to investigate the possible molecular mechanisms of action of grape and red wine polyphenols against oxidativeand inflammatory processes in atherosclerosis. This is a literature review performed by searching in the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases using the following descriptors: red wine, grape, polyphenols, resveratrol, atherosclerosis, oxidized LDL, inflammation, oxidative stress, NF-kB, AP-1, Nrf2, SIRT-1, MicroRNA. Although the mechanisms are not fully understood, studies indicate that phenolic compounds possibly complex with metals (such as iron and copper), or else they increase the antioxidant activity of plasma and also preserve the activity of enzyme paraoxonase. Moreover, the polyphenols neutralize free radicals and activate transcription factors, for example Nrf2, which increases the expression of genes that encode important proteins in antioxidant defense (such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase). Additionally, polyphenols inhibit the phosphorylation of MAP kinases, causing a blocking effect on the transcription factors NF-kB and AP-1 and, consequently, blocking the synthesis of TNF-α, interleukins, chemokines and molecules adhesion. Moreover, it can inhibit the activity of the cycloxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes. Another proposed mechanism is the action of resveratrol on the activity of histone deacetylases, as SIRT-1. These actions together reduce the oxidation of LDL-c and the inflammatory process, attenuating the atherogenic process.

Background: The prevalence of overweight individuals has increased in recent years. Moreover, the importance of a healthy diet is associated with the practice of physical activity and attempt to verify the achievement of physical exercise influences on food choice. However, it relationship between food intake and physical activity have not been studied. Aim: To evaluate if the period in which the trainings are conducted, morning and nocturne, interfere qualitatively and quantitatively in food consumption as well as verify possible associations between anthropometric profiles and dietary habits. Methods: We collected data from 33 adult volunteers, between men and women, practitioners of bodybuilding. Results: A total of 33 volunteers were interviewed (18 (54.5%) were men and 15 (45.5%) were women). Regarding anthropometric data, it turns out that that the volunteers of the two periods had similar characteristics, differentiating only weight. The consumption of nutritional supplements was observed in 30.77% of the practitioners in the morning period vs. 35% for the nocturne. Considering macronutrient intake, there was a significant difference in the consumption of protein between the periods. The consumption during nocturne period was greater (126 ± 5% of the daily requirement) than the morning period (115.7 ± 2%). As for micro-nutrients, calcium intake was greater among men when compared to women. There was a positive correlation between the BMI, and arm circumference for practitioners of the morning period. Conclusion: This study show that the practitioners who train in the morning have quietly better eating habits than those in the nocturne period, however both are inappropriate.

Antecedentes: La prevalencia de individuos con sobrepeso ha aumentado en los últimos años. Además, la importancia de una dieta saludable se asocia con la práctica de actividad física y los intentos de lograr la realización de la esta actividad influyen en la elección de la dieta. Sin embargo, la relación entre la ingesta dietética y la actividad física no se ha estudiado. Objetivo: Evaluar si el periodo en que se realiza el entrenamiento, diurno y nocturno, interfiere cualitativa y cuantitativamente en el consumo de alimentos, así como comprobar posibles asociaciones entre los perfiles antropométricos y los hábitos dietéticos. Métodos: Recogimos los datos de 33 adultos voluntarios, hombres y mujeres, culturistas. Resultados: se entrevistó a un total de 33 voluntarios (18 (54,5%) hombres y 15 (45,5%) mujeres). Con respecto a los datos antropométricos, los voluntarios de ambos periodos tenían características similares, diferenciándose sólo por el peso. El consumo de suplementos nutritivos se observó en el 30,77% de los culturistas de la mañana frente al 35% de los de la noche. Con respecto al consumo de macronutrientes, hubo una diferencia significativa en el consumo de proteínas entre ambos periodos. El consumo durante el periodo de la noche fue mayor (126 ± 5% de las necesidades diarias) que el de la mañana (115,7 ± 2%). Para los micronutrientes, el consumo de calcio fue superior entre los hombres en comparación con las mujeres. Hubo una correlación positiva entre el IMC y la circunferencia del brazo en los culturistas de la mañana. Conclusión: Este estudio demuestra que los culturistas que se entrenan durante el día tienen hábitos dietéticos más saludables que aquellos que lo hacen por la noche, aunque en ambos son inapropiados.

Thyme essential oils are well recognized by their excellent biological activities and the antimicrobial activity of Portuguese thyme essential oils has been investigated with promising results, particularly against food borne pathogens. In this study the potential antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of five species of Thymus (Lamiaceae), namely Th. caespititius Brot., Th. camphoratus Hoffmanns. & Link, Th. capitellatus Hoffmanns. & Link., Th. carnosus Boiss. and Th. zygis L. was evaluated against Candida albicans, Haemophilus influenza, Helicobacter pylori, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica and Streptococcus pneumoniae. H. pylori strains were the most susceptible bacteria, particularly to the essential oils of Th. caespititius (Planalto Central), Th. zygis (Rebordãos) and Th. caespititius (Pico) which minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranged from 0.05 to 0.08 mg.mL-1. Th. caespititius essential oil from Planalto Central or its main component, carvacrol significantly (p<0.05) inhibited the intracellular growth of H. pylori, and showed no citotoxicity to the gastric cell line. Our results suggest the potential of this essential oil and its main component as a promising tool as anti-Helicobacter agent potentiating the eradication of this important gastroduodenal pathogen.

Background: The measurement of waist circumference (WC) is the most prevalent cause of the metabolic syndrome (MS). Objective: The aim of this study was to correlate WC and BMI with high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c) levels in patients with MS being consulted by the Family Health Program (PSF), Brazil. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from September to November 2008 with 42 patients (29 women and 13 men) from 35 to 77 years. Dietary intake was reported, and biochemical and body composition measures were taken. Results: The HDL-c levels were higher in women when compared to men (48.4 ± 8.1 mg/dL vs. 36.4 ± 7.8 mg/dL). However, the triglycerides (TG)/HDL-c ratio and TG concentrations were lower in women (3.8 ± 1.5 and 178.0 ± 57.8 mg/dL, respectively) than in men (9.4 ± 8.5 and 471.5 ± 501.5 mg/dL, respectively). Regarding skinfold profile, the triceps was greater in females (37.0 ± 8.4 cm vs. 20.7 ± 10.5 cm). The dietetic profile showed that women had a lower intake of energy, fiber, phosphorus and sodium. The fruits and vegetables intake was diminished in the participants of this study, as less than 60% of the women and 50% of men met the daily recommendations. Approximately 54% of men and 28% of women had a lower intake of dairy products daily. Moreover, the results shows that the WC was negatively correlated to HDL-c (r = -0.41, p < 0.05) whereas the BMI is not associated with HDL-c (r = -0.34, p > 0.06). Conclusion: Our findings showed that WC is a better predictor of changes in HDL-c than BMI.

Antecedentes: La medición de la circunferencia de la cintura (CC) es la causa más prevalente del síndrome metabólico (SM). Objetivo: el propósito de este estudio fue correlacionar la CC y el IMC con las concentraciones de lipoproteínas de densidad elevada (HDL-c) en pacientes con SM vistos en consulta del Programa de salud familiar (PSF), de Brasil. Métodos: Este estudio trasversal se realizó entre septiembre y noviembre de 2008 en 42 pacientes (29 mujeres y 13 hombres) de 35 a 77 años. Se registró la ingesta dietética y se tomaron medidas biomecánicas de la composición corporal. Resultados: las concentraciones de HDL-c fueron significativamente mayores en las mujeres en comparación con los hombres (48,4 ± 8,1 mg/dl frente a 36,4 ± 7,8 mg/dl). Sin embargo, la relación triglicéridos (TG)/HDL-c y las concentraciones totales de TG (3,8 ± 1,5 mg/dl y 178,0 ± 57,8 mg/dl, respectivamente) fueron menores en las mujeres que en los hombres (9,4 ± 8,5 mg/dl y 471,5 (92,0-1793,5) mg/dl, respectivamente). Con respecto al perfil del pliegue cutáneo, el tríceps fue mayor en mujeres (37,0 ± 8,4 cm frente a 20,7 ± 10,5 cm). El perfil dietético mostró que las mujeres tenían un menor aporte de energía, fibra, fósforo y sodio. La ingestión de frutas y verduras fue baja en los participantes en el estudio, menor del 60 y del 50% de las recomendaciones diarias en mujeres y hombres, respectivamente. Aproximadamente, el 54% de lo hombres y el 28% de las mujeres no tomaba productos lácteos a diario. Además, los resultados muestran que la CC se correlaciona negativamente con la HDL-c (r= -0,41, p < 0,05) mientras que el IMC no se asocia con las HDL-c (r = -0,34, p > 0,06). Conclusión: nuestros hallazgos mostraban que la CC es un mejor predictor de los cambios en las HDL-c que el IMC.